Internet Essays - Media Technology, Cultural Globalization

Web Bar me up, Scottie. This mainstream line from Star Trek was a show of the trend setting innovation of things to come. In spite of the fact that it was a anecdotal story, Star Trek turned into the general vision of things to come. As usual reality will in general copy fiction. Despite the fact that our general public has not exactly come about to living in space, we have made life simpler with innovation. Monetary endurance has become progressively needy upon data and correspondences delivering new innovation of which was rarely thought conceivable. Only a unimportant thirty years back a PC consumed an entire room looked at the present palm estimated PCs, which are quicker and perform more capacities. Mobile phones, presently light and minimized, were massive only ten years back. The most mind boggling creation, the Internet, is carrying unbounded measure of data to your work area. In the realm of the of the Internet there exist a world oblivious in regards to skin shading and other physical appearances. The Internet while still youthful in age has developed quickly, spreading to nations worldwide and associating 50 million clients. With its ubiquity, it is officeholder upon our general public to perceive how the Internet functions and to be mindful of its points of interest just as hindrances. While apparently cutting edge the Web idea is somewhat straightforward. PCs address each other and send data. This is practiced by sending and accepting electronic drive, and afterward deciphering them into a message. So as to speak with each other they are connected up in a system. They are then ready to get to data from a large number of different PCs. The system demonstrations like one enormous PC putting away data in different spots, as opposed to in one physical structure. Clients tap into the Internet to get to or give data. Web innovation permits one to ride the World Wide Web or send email. The vision of the Internet that would change the PC and interchanges had a place with JCR Licklider of MIT (Leiner n. page). In August of 1962 he imagined an all inclusive interconnected set of PCs which would permit everybody to rapidly get to information and projects (Leiner n. page). A legislature supported task at Defense Advanced Research Undertakings Agency (DARPA) began in October (Leiner n. page). The race for revelation of such innovation seethed between the Soviet Union and The United Conditions of America. The two nations needed control of the potentially integral asset. At that point in 1968, The National Physical Laboratory in Great Britain set up the first test organize, which provoked the Pentagon's ARPA to finance a bigger undertaking in the USA. (Authentic n. page) However the race was not constrained to simply countries yet likewise organizations. In 1965, working with Thomas Merrill, Lawrence G. Roberts made the primary wide-region PC at any point manufactured. These tests demonstrated that PCs could cooperate running projects and recovering information as essential on remote machines. Roberts set up his arrangement for ARPANET, distributed in 1966. Around then he learned of Donald Davies and Roger Scantlebury of NPL and Paul Baron and others at RAND. Exploration at MIT (1961-1967), RAND (1962-1965) and NPL (1964-1967) while equal had no information on each other. In August of 1968 a RFQ, a refined model of ARPANET was discharged for the advancement of one of the key parts, the parcel switches Interface Message Processors (IMP). Jolt Beranek and Newman (BBN) introduced the principal IMP at UCLA and the primary host PC was associated. Before the finish of 1969 four host PCs were associated together into the underlying ARPANET and the Internet was off the ground. In 1977, electronic mail was presented. (Leiner n. page) As the Internet immediately developed, changes were essential. The Internet's decentralized structure made it simple to grow however its NCP didn't be able to address arranges further down stream than the goal IMP. Bounce Kahn chose to build up another variant of the convention which inevitably got known as the Transmission Control Protocol /Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Contrasted with the NCP which went about as a gadget driver, the new convention was increasingly similar to a correspondence convention. So as to make it simpler to utilize, Host were then doled out names, supplanting numbers. A gathering of researcher at that point set out to show that a smaller and straightforward usage of TCP was conceivable. They succeeded, permitting it to run on personal computers. (Leiner n. page). Unique employments of the Internet included government interchanges and a gathering for researcher to share thoughts and help each other in research. In the 1980's the Internet developed past its basically research roots to incorporate a expansive client network and expanded business action. In present

Cystic Fibrosis :: essays research papers

For a youngster with cystic fibrosis life is for the most part a progression of respitory contaminations specialists visits and prescriptions. Cystic fibrosis causes a development of bodily fluid in th lungs making breathing troublesome . The thick bodily fluid covers the hairlike projections lining air entry debilitating the bodys insusceptible framework .Excess bodily fluid interfers with the working of different oragns too.In the liver and pancreas bodily fluid obstructs the progression of the stomach related catalysts in the digestive system so food isn't processed appropriately. Worn out by the rehashed episodes of sickness a cystic fibrosis persistent once in a while lives past their twenties. Cystic fibrosis is most basic acquired issue among Caucasian individuals. The illness which starts in earliest stages torments in excess of 25,000 Americans and causes in excess of 500 passings consistently. Forty years prior the normal life expectancy of a cystic fibrosis understanding w as five years .Today improved clinical treatments and nurtrient rich eating regimens have empowered cystic fibrosis endures to get by into adulthood. Investigation into the reason for cystic fibrosis peruses like a criminologist story. One hint is that cystic fibrosis patients have overabundance measures of sodium and chloride in their perspiration making it vey salty . At the University of North Carolina specialists found that salt awkwardness caues thick bodily fluid to amass in the patients lungd. Elevated level of salt in lung cells coax water out of the bodily fluid making it thicken.The level of salt in a phone is determained by the development of particles over the phone membrane.Ions are conveyed across call memebranes by protein directs installed in the phone film. Since the stucture and elements of proteins are determained by qualities issues with particle transport can be expected to have a hereditary premise. In 1989 an American Canadian research group discovered thre de formity in the quality called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance controller quality ,creates a protein that generally keeps up ordinary degrees of chloride. In about 60% of cystic fibrosis pateints the protein made by the CFTR quality is feeling the loss of an amino corrosive called phenylalanine

Minimalism for Families with Children

Minimalism for Families with Children People frequently ask us how to incorporate minimalism into their lives when they have a family. Many folks seem to think its impossible to simplify if they have other people in their household. But its not. We frequently give this advice: Spend half the money and twice the time with your family. The return on your investment will be exponential. Of course, its easy for a pair of childless thirty-somethings to give advice on implementing minimalism in a family environment. So instead of pretending we know what were talking about, lets turn to some of our good friends who can show how they have integrated minimalism into their family lives. Leo Babauta, a 41-year-old husband and father of six in San Francisco, recently wrote an essay about eliminating the excuses and implementing minimalism as a family: No Excuses: Minimalism with Kids. And, for a deeper dive, Joshua Becker, a 39-year-old who lives in the suburbs with his wife and two kids, recently published a wonderful new book about this very topic: Clutterfree with Kids. We hope you find value in both resources. And stay tuned: we interviewed both menâ€"and dozens of other minimalistsâ€"for our documentary. Additional reading: Minimalist Family: Start with Yourself.

Homer’s Epic The Odyssey Essay - 645 Words

A hero isn’t shaped by his strengths but by the values he possesses. Homer’s epic, The Odyssey, reveals the moral and ethical constitution of the ancient Greeks. Over time, certain cultures have grown to value a number of human characteristics. Those who acquire such values become respected heroes. After the fall of Troy, the protagonist of the epic, Odysseus, set sail for his home, Ithaca, where his faithful wife and son were waiting for him. Over the course of his journey, Odysseus faced some of the most ferocious opponents known to the Greeks. Even through this formidable journey, Odysseus and his family have stayed true to the diverse aspects of the ancient Greeks. The Odyssey exemplifies the human ideals of hospitality, loyalty and†¦show more content†¦After twenty years apart from Odysseus, Penelope longed for her husband to return with the frank hope that he still lived. She stayed faithful to Odysseus even when everyone declared he was dead and her hand some suitors battled for her hand in marriage. Loyalty is the most desired value in an individual, human or not, whether it’s toward your family, country, or a cause. Perseverance is a human quality expressed in The Odyssey that the Greeks valued. As Charybdis sucked up the water and everything in it, Odysseus â€Å"sprang for the great fig tree†¦nowhere had [he] to stand, no way of climbing†¦but [he] clung grimly† (807-813). Odysseus was determined to make it back to his wife and he wouldn’t let even a great force like Charybdis stop him from that. With sheer willpower he hung on to that branch for hours and hours until the monster spit out his raft. When his ship landed in Thrinacia, Odysseus warned his crew that â€Å"the cattle here are not for [their] provision, or [they] pay dearly for it† (676-677). Odysseus’ crew were tired and hungry hence they wanted to stop as long as they promised to not slaughter Helios’ cattle for food. Hunger overcame them and Odysseus was the only one who resisted the temptation of a nice meal in order to live one more day. The desire to survive and achieve is a charact eristic of anShow MoreRelatedEpic Passages of The Epic of Gilgamesh and Homers Odyssey921 Words   |  4 Pageshero? In the two epic passages The Epic of Gilgamesh and Homers Odyssey, heroism appears to be a clear distinction with the literature, and has the same basic framework as today’s definition of a hero. Historically, in the texts, heroes such as Gilgamesh and Odysseus are protagonists viewed and credited with great bravery and most certainly heroism. Nearly all of the heroic figures throughout time, both fictitious and living and are viewed as a protagonist in their own epic challenge or struggleRead MoreOdysseus As The Epic Hero In Homers Odyssey1019 Words   |  5 PagesOdysseus as the Epic Hero in Homer’s The Odyssey A style of work often explored in Greek literature is that of the epic. An expansive poem of a wide scope centered on and regarding the wondrous deeds of the main, heroic figure, on whose actions depend the fate of a nation. The definition of an epic can be used to describe The Odyssey by Homer. In The Odyssey we are introduced to our main character, Odysseus, the former king of Ithaca and a Trojan war hero who has been trapped on an Island by theRead MoreEpic Hero in Homers The Odyssey Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesEpic Hero in Homers The Odyssey With its larger-than-life plot twists, The Odyssey is a classic representation of an epic in literature. With that understood, it is no surprise that the main character of the story helps to define an epic hero. A character must express certain virtues to be considered such. Strength, courage, and nobility are almost prerequisites. Cleverness is an added bonus. Odysseus possesses many characteristics and virtues that make him a true representation of an epic heroRead MoreEssay on Homers Odyssey as a Moral Epic2528 Words   |  11 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   A large number of the works of ancient poetry and literature have been said to carry a moral undertone. Homers Odyssey is no exception. This essay explores the moral positions that the poem seems to adopt. Subsequently, it will show that while the Odyssey is indeed a moral epic, the moral position of the main characters themselves, namely Odysseus and the Gods, can, at times, be questionable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Loyalty is one moral value that is evident throughout the poem. NoRead MoreHomers Epic Poem, The Odyssey Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesIn Homers epic poem, the Odyssey, the recurring theme of intelligence is important because through intelligence, Odysseus is able to utilize wit and cunning to suit his needs and wants, as well as defeat bigger and stronger opponents than he. Through the stories of Odysseus sufferings throughout the Trojan War and his struggles of homecoming, Homer portrays intelligence as being an effective application of strength used to gain an advantage over his opponents. Odysseus is depicted as an intellectualRead MoreOdysseus As An Epic Journey In The Odyssey By Homers Odyssey900 Words   |  4 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   Influenced by the title of The Odyssey by Homer, an Odyssey is defined as an epic journey. The Odyssey, by Homer and translated by Robert Fagles, explores the epic journey of the title character Odysseus on his voyage home from the Trojan War. However, the first four books of The Odyssey focus on Odysseuss son, Telemachus, and his journey to become â€Å"the true son of Odysseus† (2.2). This role requires Telemachus to emulate the qualities that Odysseus held while the king of Ithaca prior to theRead MoreEssay about Comparing Homers Odyssey and The Epic of Gilgamesh816 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Homers Odyssey and The Epic of Gilgamesh   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both The Odyssey and the Epic of Gilgamesh are two incredible stories written long ago. These two epics share many of the same concepts. Such as the nostro (the Greek term for homecoming), xenis (guest/host relationship), oikos (household), and aganoriss (recognition). In both epics these themes are illustrated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Odyssey the theme of nostro is very prevalent in this epic. Basically the whole story is based around this conceptRead MoreThe Impacts Of The Odyssey In Homers The Odyssey1166 Words   |  5 PagesHomer’s epic poem The Odyssey follows Odysseus on his long journey home. The Epic also includes the stories of Odysseus’ family left behind: the travels of his son, Telemachus, and how plenty, of what we would now call â€Å"home wreckers†, suitors pressured his wife, Penelope, into marrying one of them. The characters are beautifully crafted and the story is truly epic. All the elements presented can bring in any reader from any century, the Cyclops, the Gods, the trickery of Penelope, and the disguisesRead MoreHomer’S Two Tales, The Iliad And The Odyssey, Are Both1749 Words   |  7 PagesHomer’s two tales, the Iliad and the Odyssey, are both incredibly well known and widely taught across the world and at many different leve ls of education. Some call Homer the â€Å"greatest poet to ever live† and although this can be disputed his works truly speak for themselves and have braved the test of time quite well. This paper will cover who/whom Homer is as a person, or persons, and the time period of his writings, the truths versus the dramatizations of the Iliad and Odyssey, how the author’sRead MoreTheme Of Violence In The Odyssey1025 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey by Homer is a literary classic that presents many themes about the natures of both man and god. Although the characters of the book display characteristics relatable to those of the people today, one of the most prevalent differences between the two eras and their people is the intense violence that takes place throughout the entirety of the epic. This violence serves several functions in the work as a whole. The violence that is enacted upon the characters of The Odyssey serve as a

Definitions of Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program

Definitions of Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program All the objectives and decisions you will make later on is going to be based upon it. Statement of Purpose is among the hardest thing that you'll ever write if you apply to graduate school. As a student, you learn to utilize your education to realize your targets and succeed on a personal and expert level. My plan isn't the secret Coca-Cola formula. Identifying nationally ranked programs is only a single way and quite a limited method of going about your search. Everybody would like to understand what you can do to help their organization. Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program Fundamentals Explained Teaching statement is a type of document that's helpful in regard to teaching. Be sure to understand what exactly you desire to do from your essay. Let EssayEdge help you compose an application essay which gets noticed. Besides the dissertation, there's coursework in a doctorate application that will teach the concentration specifically. There's a frequent tendency among the applicants to display their GRE vocabulary when writing SOP. Bear in mind, an admission essay sample may be a good way to find out more about the writing procedure and understand the task better. Colleges and universities offer application material with comprehensive requirements. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program The secret to success is getting yourself to do the situations you know you have to do, even if you don't feel like doing them. It can be inviting to resist making yourself stick out in your statement since you don't wish to ruin your chances by sounding weird. It is not difficult to do the perfect thing when times are simple. True abundance When you've finally become accountable for each and every facet of your life, you turn into a giver, as opposed to a taker. Things You Should Know About Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program Vague generalizations and other sorts of content-free writing ought to be avoided! Go at your own pace crafting the very best Personal Statement you're able to. Writing an SOP though, isn't a tough job. There are some rather excellent examples of thesis statements which could be shown before. Incorporate any comments you wish to handle. Another style of organizing a speech on a specific topic is to examine the subject with respect to cause and effect. Try to remember there is nobody right method to craft a personal statement, but nevertheless, it should sound like you, and it needs to be professional and sincere. It is more effective when you let your convictions govern the comments instead of writing what you think the reader wants to hear. Getting the Best Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program For instance, a speech on the creation of a new technology sh ould start out with its origin, then continue along the exact same time-line as events occurred. At length, even in the lack of a clear expert pathway, a strong urge to learn and do research at advanced levels might be a sufficient foundation for pursuing graduate study. Pay attention to begin with to the experience you've got. Beyond that, make sure other aspects which might impact your quality of life over the subsequent 5 to 7 years are acceptable. New Questions About Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program It's possible to also supply your individual views about this issue and the result in the conclusion of the poetry essays. Your essay needs to have a suitable introduction, body and conclusion. Thus, it's extremely important to proofread your statement essay. Writing poetry essays is not everybody's cup of tea because not everyone is able to comprehend different concepts hidden behind poetry. What You Must Know About Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program The committee is going to receive a good deal of information about you. Steer clear of general statements like your program is among the very best in the nation. Now you have gone through a lot on the site, below are some guidelines that may help you if you're planning to compose a teaching statement. Effective performance appraisals, though, can serve improved purposes. Just so long as you've answered clearly the 3 questions required on the UK JET application it ought to be fine. Therefore, it's the document of your application docket that could hugely determine your admission. You may recycle the exact same info, but be certain you change the presentation to fit each individual program. Since there's an abundance of information that can be found from several sources to assist in the research paper writing process, we should however be careful that each one of the sources aren't equally reliable, accurate, and verifiable.

Causing Fear And Sorrow English Literature Essay Free Essays

An of import end of literature is the edifice of a connexion between a work and its audience by working common experiences and their emotional responses. Without these personal investings, a reader can go uninterested, and any message the writer intends to portray may be misunderstood. Within the two plants â€Å" The Raven † by Edgar Allen Poe and â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † by Flannery O’Connor, it is easy to detect the writers ‘ efforts at doing fright and sorrow for the reader by the writers ‘ use of common irrational frights within their Hagiographas. We will write a custom essay sample on Causing Fear And Sorrow English Literature Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now After a thorough scrutiny of important subdivisions within the texts and an probe on how readers may respond to single characters, one can so compare the texts to derive a better grasp of the attempts submitted by the writers to associate to their audiences of today and long ago. Although it could be argued that these writers ‘ mark audiences were merely readers populating at the clip the narratives were drafted, these narratives continue to bring down eerie feelings on the common individual of today. From his ain words, when discoursing â€Å" The Raven † in an essay, Poe explains his purposes for the reader by saying, â€Å" Now, ne’er losing sight of the object supremeness, or flawlessness, at all points, I asked myself – ‘Of all melancholic subjects, what, harmonizing to the cosmopolitan apprehension of world, is the most melancholic? ‘ Death – was the obvious answer † ( Poe 1846 ) . While decease is arguably non the most cheerless subject soon, one will doubtless witness the attempts Poe endured for the interest of the reader as they comprehend this powerful verse form. As decease is a universally understood construct, he creates a narrative that will elicit a reader ‘s emotions by coercing them to retrieve old experiences or by act uponing them to visualize themselves as the storyteller. By the 2nd stanza of the verse form, Poe brings out the message of decease and sets the plaintive tone of the verse form with the lines, â€Å" From my books cessation of sorrow – sorrow for the lost Lenore – For the rare and beaming maiden whom the angels name Lenore – Nameless here everlastingly more † ( Poe 1016 ) . As one interprets these lines, they imagine a beautiful adult female who has abandoned the talker, or possibly has late passed off. While non straight saying she has died, by proposing her anonymity, Poe pulls at the audience ‘s experience, and makes them inquire if Lenore is now nameless because she has late passed on or if the storyteller is trying to bury her by non leting himself to advert her name any longer, as many in similar state of affairss continue to make. The sorrow of decease continues within the 3rd and 4th poetries. The reader finds that although it is the center of the dark, the talker hears sounds of person knocking at his door, nevertheless as he goes to react to them he discovers nil but darkness outside ( Poe 1016 ) . While the actual actions listed here already intensify the sorrow with an sum of upseting atmosphere, the audience can besides falter upon a nonliteral significance, as though alternatively of a individual strike harding it is really the memory of Lenore trying to come in his head, so rapidly fliting as disconcerting memories frequently do. Since most readers have fought similar conflicts within their ain heads, this subdivision once more battles to take the narrative from the storyteller and attach it to the reader. Traveling on to the 6th and 7th stanzas, the reader stumbles onto uninterrupted tapping. These lines express the tapping is louder and perchance coming from the talker ‘s window ( Poe 1016-1017 ) . The audience is now pulled in two waies as either the tapping is truly go oning and a Corvus corax has really entered into the room, or the memory of Lenore has eventually obtained entryway into the storyteller ‘s head. The two waies both lead the reader to a darkened topographic point as with one, the reader is witnessing an unwelcome animate being within the room, and with the other, the memories the chief character has invariably tried to bury hold begun to thrust ahead into his head and overwhelm him. Within poetries eight through 17, the reader views the storyteller as a adult male in the procedure of traveling huffy, as he begins to talk with the Corvus corax that has entered into the room ( Poe 1017-1018 ) . While the conversation continues, the reader must make up one’s mind whether to believe a bird is really in the room and merely the address is imagined, or if the bird and the conversation are both wholly within the head of the talker, and the lunacy expressed is merely some type of internal spiritual argument on the whereabouts of Lenore. In either instance, the reader ‘s emotions are being manipulated purposefully to show the solitariness and unhappiness one faces when they lose a loved one. In the concluding poetry, the reader is once more pulled in two waies. When Poe writes, â€Å" And the lamp-light o’er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor ; And my psyche from out that shadow that lies drifting on the floor Shall be lifted – nevermore! † ( Poe 1018 ) , he intentionally forces the audience to once more make up one’s mind if the full verse form is some type of internal argument or if the storyteller with has been driven insane and committed self-destruction. As the bulk of readers will hold experienced a loss of person stopping point to them to suicide, or may hold contemplated suicide themselves, they will hold the ability to sympathize with the storyteller, and by making so, will be emotionally invested within the verse form. While â€Å" The Raven † is a really nonreversible narrative where the message of decease is delivered by flashing it invariably to the reader, O’Connor ‘s â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † takes the attack suggested by G. W. Thomas by making characters people care about and leting atrocious things to go on to them ( Thomas 3 ) . Interestingly, within the first four pages, O’Connor introduces the household members, but merely allows the grandma and the kids to talk, as they are the characters she wants the audience to link with. To to the full appreciate O’Connor ‘s attempt, one must foremost expose the oddities of these specific characters ‘ personalities. The two kids ( John Wesley and June Star ) come off as spoiled, and as if they starred on â€Å" Childs Say the Darndest Things, † they frequently give uneven comments within their conversations. A twosome of illustrations are John Wesley claiming if caught by The Misfit that he would, â€Å" Smack his face † ( O’Connor 447 ) and June Star ‘s response, â€Å" No I surely wouldn’taˆÂ ¦ I would n’t populate in a bedraggled topographic point like this for a million vaulting horses! † ( O’Connor 450 ) , to the adult female at The Tower when she asks June to go her girl. The construct of kids being thankless is evidently non original, but the usage of these kids grants readers something to hate. Furthermore, when the kids are killed by The Misfit ‘s posse at the terminal of the narrative, the audience feels guilt over their abrasiveness of the kids as the decease of kids tends to pique people more than kids misconducting. Beyond the coarse kids, the grandma is the most active character within the narrative, and is invariably trying to pull strings the household to make what she wants. Due to how good O’Connor designed this character, the audience really gets manipulated as good. While the grandma will frequently state something indelicate, the audience rapidly dismisses these comments to her old age and grows closer to her, neglecting to see her mistakes for what they are. This connexion misleads the audience to feeling sorry for the grandma when she is killed, when they should hearten The Misfit for his service to the community. The concluding chief character of the narrative is The Misfit, a inmate who has late escaped prison and leads a group of work forces who finally murder the full household. While a hard-boiled felon is non typically a individual person would openly acknowledge to holding similarities to, O’Connor uses The Misfit ‘s apparently extended yesteryear to make resemblances to the readers. Along with the experiences the audience and The Misfit portion, she grants The Misfit ‘s character with wisdom and a sense of righteousness that the reader appreciates, doing an internal struggle of fright and sorrow when he shoots the grandma at the terminal. By the terminal of the narrative, the reader must make up one’s mind for themselves whether The Misfit is so a â€Å" good adult male † or non. A comparing of the two Hagiographas â€Å" The Raven † and â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † is hard to do due to the narratives ‘ differences in manner. However, while their methods differ, both Poe ‘s and O’Connor ‘s narratives are able to lure fright and sorrow for their audiences. In â€Å" The Raven, † Poe relies on a great trade of symbolism to make the reader, while in â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † O’Connor uses well-developed characters to construct connexions to the audience and tortures them through the actions of those characters. Overall, both Poe and O’Connor like an expert navigate the reader ‘s emotions and experiences, doing the reader to contend themselves to happen the messages within the narratives. The end of maintaining an audience from experiencing disinterested in a narrative is a precedence that can merely be accomplished by coercing readers to happen connexions for themselves. With Poe ‘s clever usage of symbolism and O’Connor ‘s investing in character edifice, the two narratives â€Å" The Raven † and â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † both cause fright and sorrow through the connexions they ‘ve built to the readers. While one may merely read either of these narratives for enjoyment, they can compare the two to derive a better grasp of the writers ‘ attempts, and perchance happen more within the narratives to bask. Plants Sited Poe, Edgar Allen. â€Å" The Philosophy of Composition. † 1846. Graham ‘s Magazine. vol. XXVIII, no. 4 ( 1846 ) :163-167. The Edgar Allen Poe Society of Baltimore. 21 Nov. 2010. Poe, Edgar Allen. â€Å" The Raven. † 1846. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. 7th Edition. Eds. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2008. 1016-1018. O’Connor, Flannery. â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find. † Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. 7th Edition. Eds. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2008. 447-457. Thomas, G.W. â€Å" Scare the heck out of your readers — and other horror-writing tips. † The Writer Apr. 2008: 15. General OneFile. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. How to cite Causing Fear And Sorrow English Literature Essay, Essay examples

Causing Fear And Sorrow English Literature Essay Free Essays

An of import end of literature is the edifice of a connexion between a work and its audience by working common experiences and their emotional responses. Without these personal investings, a reader can go uninterested, and any message the writer intends to portray may be misunderstood. Within the two plants â€Å" The Raven † by Edgar Allen Poe and â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † by Flannery O’Connor, it is easy to detect the writers ‘ efforts at doing fright and sorrow for the reader by the writers ‘ use of common irrational frights within their Hagiographas. We will write a custom essay sample on Causing Fear And Sorrow English Literature Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now After a thorough scrutiny of important subdivisions within the texts and an probe on how readers may respond to single characters, one can so compare the texts to derive a better grasp of the attempts submitted by the writers to associate to their audiences of today and long ago. Although it could be argued that these writers ‘ mark audiences were merely readers populating at the clip the narratives were drafted, these narratives continue to bring down eerie feelings on the common individual of today. From his ain words, when discoursing â€Å" The Raven † in an essay, Poe explains his purposes for the reader by saying, â€Å" Now, ne’er losing sight of the object supremeness, or flawlessness, at all points, I asked myself – ‘Of all melancholic subjects, what, harmonizing to the cosmopolitan apprehension of world, is the most melancholic? ‘ Death – was the obvious answer † ( Poe 1846 ) . While decease is arguably non the most cheerless subject soon, one will doubtless witness the attempts Poe endured for the interest of the reader as they comprehend this powerful verse form. As decease is a universally understood construct, he creates a narrative that will elicit a reader ‘s emotions by coercing them to retrieve old experiences or by act uponing them to visualize themselves as the storyteller. By the 2nd stanza of the verse form, Poe brings out the message of decease and sets the plaintive tone of the verse form with the lines, â€Å" From my books cessation of sorrow – sorrow for the lost Lenore – For the rare and beaming maiden whom the angels name Lenore – Nameless here everlastingly more † ( Poe 1016 ) . As one interprets these lines, they imagine a beautiful adult female who has abandoned the talker, or possibly has late passed off. While non straight saying she has died, by proposing her anonymity, Poe pulls at the audience ‘s experience, and makes them inquire if Lenore is now nameless because she has late passed on or if the storyteller is trying to bury her by non leting himself to advert her name any longer, as many in similar state of affairss continue to make. The sorrow of decease continues within the 3rd and 4th poetries. The reader finds that although it is the center of the dark, the talker hears sounds of person knocking at his door, nevertheless as he goes to react to them he discovers nil but darkness outside ( Poe 1016 ) . While the actual actions listed here already intensify the sorrow with an sum of upseting atmosphere, the audience can besides falter upon a nonliteral significance, as though alternatively of a individual strike harding it is really the memory of Lenore trying to come in his head, so rapidly fliting as disconcerting memories frequently do. Since most readers have fought similar conflicts within their ain heads, this subdivision once more battles to take the narrative from the storyteller and attach it to the reader. Traveling on to the 6th and 7th stanzas, the reader stumbles onto uninterrupted tapping. These lines express the tapping is louder and perchance coming from the talker ‘s window ( Poe 1016-1017 ) . The audience is now pulled in two waies as either the tapping is truly go oning and a Corvus corax has really entered into the room, or the memory of Lenore has eventually obtained entryway into the storyteller ‘s head. The two waies both lead the reader to a darkened topographic point as with one, the reader is witnessing an unwelcome animate being within the room, and with the other, the memories the chief character has invariably tried to bury hold begun to thrust ahead into his head and overwhelm him. Within poetries eight through 17, the reader views the storyteller as a adult male in the procedure of traveling huffy, as he begins to talk with the Corvus corax that has entered into the room ( Poe 1017-1018 ) . While the conversation continues, the reader must make up one’s mind whether to believe a bird is really in the room and merely the address is imagined, or if the bird and the conversation are both wholly within the head of the talker, and the lunacy expressed is merely some type of internal spiritual argument on the whereabouts of Lenore. In either instance, the reader ‘s emotions are being manipulated purposefully to show the solitariness and unhappiness one faces when they lose a loved one. In the concluding poetry, the reader is once more pulled in two waies. When Poe writes, â€Å" And the lamp-light o’er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor ; And my psyche from out that shadow that lies drifting on the floor Shall be lifted – nevermore! † ( Poe 1018 ) , he intentionally forces the audience to once more make up one’s mind if the full verse form is some type of internal argument or if the storyteller with has been driven insane and committed self-destruction. As the bulk of readers will hold experienced a loss of person stopping point to them to suicide, or may hold contemplated suicide themselves, they will hold the ability to sympathize with the storyteller, and by making so, will be emotionally invested within the verse form. While â€Å" The Raven † is a really nonreversible narrative where the message of decease is delivered by flashing it invariably to the reader, O’Connor ‘s â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † takes the attack suggested by G. W. Thomas by making characters people care about and leting atrocious things to go on to them ( Thomas 3 ) . Interestingly, within the first four pages, O’Connor introduces the household members, but merely allows the grandma and the kids to talk, as they are the characters she wants the audience to link with. To to the full appreciate O’Connor ‘s attempt, one must foremost expose the oddities of these specific characters ‘ personalities. The two kids ( John Wesley and June Star ) come off as spoiled, and as if they starred on â€Å" Childs Say the Darndest Things, † they frequently give uneven comments within their conversations. A twosome of illustrations are John Wesley claiming if caught by The Misfit that he would, â€Å" Smack his face † ( O’Connor 447 ) and June Star ‘s response, â€Å" No I surely wouldn’taˆÂ ¦ I would n’t populate in a bedraggled topographic point like this for a million vaulting horses! † ( O’Connor 450 ) , to the adult female at The Tower when she asks June to go her girl. The construct of kids being thankless is evidently non original, but the usage of these kids grants readers something to hate. Furthermore, when the kids are killed by The Misfit ‘s posse at the terminal of the narrative, the audience feels guilt over their abrasiveness of the kids as the decease of kids tends to pique people more than kids misconducting. Beyond the coarse kids, the grandma is the most active character within the narrative, and is invariably trying to pull strings the household to make what she wants. Due to how good O’Connor designed this character, the audience really gets manipulated as good. While the grandma will frequently state something indelicate, the audience rapidly dismisses these comments to her old age and grows closer to her, neglecting to see her mistakes for what they are. This connexion misleads the audience to feeling sorry for the grandma when she is killed, when they should hearten The Misfit for his service to the community. The concluding chief character of the narrative is The Misfit, a inmate who has late escaped prison and leads a group of work forces who finally murder the full household. While a hard-boiled felon is non typically a individual person would openly acknowledge to holding similarities to, O’Connor uses The Misfit ‘s apparently extended yesteryear to make resemblances to the readers. Along with the experiences the audience and The Misfit portion, she grants The Misfit ‘s character with wisdom and a sense of righteousness that the reader appreciates, doing an internal struggle of fright and sorrow when he shoots the grandma at the terminal. By the terminal of the narrative, the reader must make up one’s mind for themselves whether The Misfit is so a â€Å" good adult male † or non. A comparing of the two Hagiographas â€Å" The Raven † and â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † is hard to do due to the narratives ‘ differences in manner. However, while their methods differ, both Poe ‘s and O’Connor ‘s narratives are able to lure fright and sorrow for their audiences. In â€Å" The Raven, † Poe relies on a great trade of symbolism to make the reader, while in â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † O’Connor uses well-developed characters to construct connexions to the audience and tortures them through the actions of those characters. Overall, both Poe and O’Connor like an expert navigate the reader ‘s emotions and experiences, doing the reader to contend themselves to happen the messages within the narratives. The end of maintaining an audience from experiencing disinterested in a narrative is a precedence that can merely be accomplished by coercing readers to happen connexions for themselves. With Poe ‘s clever usage of symbolism and O’Connor ‘s investing in character edifice, the two narratives â€Å" The Raven † and â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † both cause fright and sorrow through the connexions they ‘ve built to the readers. While one may merely read either of these narratives for enjoyment, they can compare the two to derive a better grasp of the writers ‘ attempts, and perchance happen more within the narratives to bask. Plants Sited Poe, Edgar Allen. â€Å" The Philosophy of Composition. † 1846. Graham ‘s Magazine. vol. XXVIII, no. 4 ( 1846 ) :163-167. The Edgar Allen Poe Society of Baltimore. 21 Nov. 2010. Poe, Edgar Allen. â€Å" The Raven. † 1846. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. 7th Edition. Eds. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2008. 1016-1018. O’Connor, Flannery. â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find. † Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. 7th Edition. Eds. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2008. 447-457. Thomas, G.W. â€Å" Scare the heck out of your readers — and other horror-writing tips. † The Writer Apr. 2008: 15. General OneFile. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. How to cite Causing Fear And Sorrow English Literature Essay, Essay examples

Marketing Analysis of 3D Printing

3D Systems is currently a South Carolina based corporation focused on manufacturing and design of one of the most discussed and popular innovations of the modern world – 3D (three dimensional) printers. In fact, this company is recognized to be the inventor of the concept of 3D printing.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Marketing Analysis of 3D Printing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The corporation was founded in May of 1993. This is a holding company and it functions with the help of subsidiaries of the USA, Asian-Pacific area, and Europe. The price range for the 3D printers manufactured by 3D Systems varies from less than 1000 USD to almost one million. The company’s main business is focused on solutions concerning design and manufacturing not only of 3D printers, but also print materials, custom parts for professional and nonprofessional consumers; these materials include ceramics, metals, plastics, and edibles (3D Systems Corp (DDD), n. d.). Besides, 3D Systems provides a number of additional devices such as scan-to-CAD (computer aided design), inspection and freedom modeling tools. The engines the company’s printers are based on are various. Among them there are SLS (selective laser sintering), MJP and CJP (multi jet and color jet printing), FTI (film transfer imaging), SLA (stereolithography), and finally plastic jet printing known as PJP. These printers are designed to work with a wide range of materials and their blends. Moreover, 3D Systems provides a number of specially developed software tools such as Cubify and Geomagic that bring more opportunities for design and creativity in application of 3D printing. These software tools allow manipulations with scanners, creation of and work with 3D content and CAD packages. The professionals of 3D Systems have a goal to democratize adoption of products and services provided by the company. The specialists are c ommitted to the increase of simplicity and affordability of the suggested goods to please a wider range of professionals and consumers.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Due to the efforts of 3D Systems 3D printing will soon stop being the prerogative of professional producers or designers, but move to homes and educational facilities (3D Systems Corporation: Annual report on form 10-K, 2013). The main acquisition challenge associated with the industry 3D Systems Corporation competes in is integration of cost-effective solutions and introduction of savings in production and services. The two main competitors of 3D Systems are HP and Stratasys. Currently, the experts agree that even though the whole 3D printing industry experienced a massive growth of revenues over the years between 2010 and 2014, and 3D Systems benefited the most, the future seems to be more favorable for Stratasys (Stoffel, 2015). There are several bases for such conclusion. First of all, Stratasys employs a clever approach to acquisitions, it recently merged with Objet and Makerbot, and joined forces are definitely going to make the corporation stronger in the long run. Besides, the company has accumulated what can be viewed as a war chest of funds, which can be spent on a powerful marketing campaign or as resources to attract better specialists in the industry and strengthen the business even more. Finally, Stratasys has the largest number of 3D printers installed in the world which means that in the future this company will gain the largest income selling proprietary 3D printing materials (Stoffel, 2015). At 3D Systems it is believed that the best way to become successful in the industry that has so many applications a designer has to be able to offer a wide range of technologies for all kinds of consumers (Heller, 2014). This way, 3D Systems provides a number of tools and diffe rent kinds of printers specialized on various tasks.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Marketing Analysis of 3D Printing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is where Hewlett-Packard becomes a serious threat because this company’s Multi Jet Fusion 3D printing technology is a very adjustable and flexible product that can work with a variety of tasks and materials. Currently, HP is focused on the development and modification of this technology in order to make it even more advanced and be able to modify elasticity, strength, texture and color of printed objects. Overall, HP is a very serious competitor that should not be underestimated as it has a large budget and an impressive team of developers who are empowered by decades of work with 2D printing. 3D Systems is aware of the potential threats posed by its main competitors Stratasys and HP and still has several years before their innovation and design strategies will hit the market. 3D printing is one of the world’s most successful markets because it is applicable and extremely useful for a number of fields among which there are aerospace, automotive, health and medicine, and a variety of electronic and fashion accessories. In aerospace and automotive field 3D is popular because it can provide light and enduring details of complex shapes. In healthcare 3D printing allows creation of customized means such as prosthetics, bones, organs; besides, it allows modeling of organs, tumors and veins for better visibility. Moreover, in the sphere of fashion and entertainment this technology allows printing various toys, customized action figures, and accessories.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List 3D Systems Corp (DDD).  Reuters. Web. 3D Systems Corporation: Annual report on form 10-K. (2013). 3dsystems.com. Web. Heller, S. (2014). 3D Systems Corporation (DDD) Stock: Is Hewlett-Packard  Company a Massive Threat? Web. Stoffel, B. (2015). Forget 3D Systems Corporation, I’m Buying Stratasys, Ltd. Web. This term paper on Marketing Analysis of 3D Printing was written and submitted by user Emelia P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Whiteness

White Privilege After reading chapter Nine and the McIntosh piece, I completely agree with Peggy McIntosh’s argument especially, when she said whites think of their lives as morally neutral and ideal. White people, especially white men have always seen themselves as â€Å"saviors† bound by a moral intuition that it is there duty to go and save the â€Å"savage† races of the world. It is this kind of thinking that allowed for colonialism, imperialism and all the other ism’s that has made life hell for black and brown people around the world. This is especially evident now with this imposing war in Iraqi were Neo Conservative are advocating for global â€Å"Americanism† which namely reads: Our white way is better than savages of the earth-they the savages need to be more like us and we the white man should teach them to be like us. This kind of thinking as been going for years starting with the Europeans and there damaging imperialism of every corner of the world. The Europeans felt that it was up to them through the grace of God to â€Å"enlighten the world,† and spread Christianity to all the hedonist of the world. White people have always made it there priority to dominant people of color. They do this mainly because they have always believed others to be inferior to their so-called superiority. Whites use stereotyping and oppression of non-whites to justify the lower social status of non-whites. Whiteness as a racial group or a Nation is very ethnocentric. They look at society as ‘in’ and ‘out’ people, they judge people by their own small minded standards and expect people to live up to their moral servitude. While neither Peggy McIntosh’s essay or Chapter Nine go into the depths as to why whites feel the need to dominant, they still made a case for white privilege in society. There is no denying that whites are the dominant group in America, it is there ideals, principals, needs that are much more fostered by the A... Free Essays on Whiteness Free Essays on Whiteness White Privilege After reading chapter Nine and the McIntosh piece, I completely agree with Peggy McIntosh’s argument especially, when she said whites think of their lives as morally neutral and ideal. White people, especially white men have always seen themselves as â€Å"saviors† bound by a moral intuition that it is there duty to go and save the â€Å"savage† races of the world. It is this kind of thinking that allowed for colonialism, imperialism and all the other ism’s that has made life hell for black and brown people around the world. This is especially evident now with this imposing war in Iraqi were Neo Conservative are advocating for global â€Å"Americanism† which namely reads: Our white way is better than savages of the earth-they the savages need to be more like us and we the white man should teach them to be like us. This kind of thinking as been going for years starting with the Europeans and there damaging imperialism of every corner of the world. The Europeans felt that it was up to them through the grace of God to â€Å"enlighten the world,† and spread Christianity to all the hedonist of the world. White people have always made it there priority to dominant people of color. They do this mainly because they have always believed others to be inferior to their so-called superiority. Whites use stereotyping and oppression of non-whites to justify the lower social status of non-whites. Whiteness as a racial group or a Nation is very ethnocentric. They look at society as ‘in’ and ‘out’ people, they judge people by their own small minded standards and expect people to live up to their moral servitude. While neither Peggy McIntosh’s essay or Chapter Nine go into the depths as to why whites feel the need to dominant, they still made a case for white privilege in society. There is no denying that whites are the dominant group in America, it is there ideals, principals, needs that are much more fostered by the A...

George Rogers Clark in the American Revolution

George Rogers Clark in the American Revolution A notable officer during the American Revolution (1775-1783), Brigadier General George Rogers Clark earned fame for his exploits against the British and Native Americans in the Old Northwest. Born in Virginia, he trained as a surveyor before becoming involved with the militia during Lord Dunmores War in 1774. As the war with the British commenced and attacks on American settlers along the frontier intensified, Clark obtained permission to lead a force west into present-day Indiana and Illinois to eliminate British bases in the region.   Moving out in 1778, Clarks men conducted a daring campaign that saw them take control of key posts at Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes. The last was captured following the Battle of Vincennes which saw the Clark use trickery to aid in compelling the British to surrender. Dubbed the Conqueror of the Old Northwest, his successes significantly weakened British influence in the area.   Early Life George Rogers Clark was born November 19, 1752, at Charlottesville, VA. The son of John and Ann Clark, he was the second of ten children. His youngest brother, William, would later gain fame as the co-leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Around 1756, with the intensification of the French Indian War, the family left the frontier for Caroline County, VA. Though largely educated at home, Clark did briefly attend Donald Robertsons school along with James Madison. Trained as a surveyor by his grandfather, he first traveled into western Virginia in 1771. A year later, Clark pressed further west and made his first trip to Kentucky. Surveyor Arriving via the Ohio River, he spent the next two years surveying the area around Kanawha River and educating himself on the regions Native American population and its customs. During his time in Kentucky, Clark saw the area changing as the 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix had opened it to settlement. This influx of settlers led to increasing tensions with the Native Americans as many tribes from north of the Ohio River used Kentucky as a hunting ground. Made a captain in the Virginia militia in 1774, Clark was preparing for an expedition to Kentucky when fighting erupted between the Shawnee and settlers on the Kanawha. These hostilities ultimately evolved into Lord Dunmores War. Taking part, Clark was present at the Battle of Point Pleasant on October 10, 1774, which ended the conflict in the colonists favor. With the end of the fighting, Clark resumed his surveying activities. Becoming a Leader As the American Revolution began in the east, Kentucky faced a crisis of its own. In 1775, land speculator Richard Henderson concluded the illegal Treaty of Watauga by which he purchased much of western Kentucky from the Native Americans. In doing so, he hoped to form a separate colony known as Transylvania. This was opposed by many of the settlers in the area and in June 1776, Clark and John G. Jones were dispatched to Williamsburg, VA to seek aid from the Virginia legislature. The two men hoped to convince Virginia to formally extend its boundaries west to include the settlements in Kentucky. Meeting with Governor Patrick Henry, they convinced him to create Kentucky County, VA and received military supplies to defend the settlements. Before departing, Clark was appointed a major in the Virginia militia. The American Revolution Moves West Returning home, Clark saw fighting intensify between the settlers and Native Americans. The latter were encouraged in their efforts by the Lieutenant Governor of Canada, Henry Hamilton, who provided arms and supplies. As the Continental Army lacked the resources to protect the region or mount an invasion of the Northwest, defense of Kentucky was left to the settlers. Believing that the only way to halt Native American raids into Kentucky was to attack British forts north of the Ohio River, specifically Kaskaskia, Vincennes, and Cahokia,   Clark requested permission from Henry to lead an expedition against enemy posts in the Illinois Country. This was granted and Clark was promoted to lieutenant colonel and directed to raise troops for the mission. Authorized to recruit a force of 350 men, Clark and his officers sought to pull men from Pennsylvania, Virginia, and North Carolina. These efforts provided difficult due to competing manpower needs and a larger debate regarding whether Kentucky should be defended or evacuated. Kaskaskia Gathering men at Redstone Old Fort on the Monongahela River, Clark ultimately embarked with 175 men in mid-1778. Moving down the Ohio River, they captured Fort Massac at the mouth of the Tennessee River before moving overland to Kaskaskia (Illinois). Taking the residents by surprise, Kaskaskia fell without a shot fired on July 4. Cahokia was captured five days later by a detachment led by Captain Joseph Bowman as Clark moved back east and a force was sent ahead to occupy Vincennes on the Wabash River. Concerned by Clarks progress, Hamilton departed Fort Detroit with 500 men to defeat the Americans. Moving down the Wabash, he easily retook Vincennes which was renamed Fort Sackville. Back to Vincennes With winter approaching, Hamilton released many of his men and settled in with a garrison of 90. Learning that Vincennes had fallen from Francis Vigo, an Italian fur trader, Clark decided that urgent action was required lest the British be in a position to reclaim the Illinois Country in the spring. Clark embarked on a daring winter campaign to retake the outpost. Marching with around 170 men, they endured severe rains and flooding during the 180-mile march. As an added precaution, Clark also dispatched a force of 40 men in a row galley to prevent a British escape down the Wabash River. Victory at Fort Sackville Arriving at Fort Sackville on February 23, 1780, Clark divided his force in two giving command of the other column to Bowman. Using terrain and maneuver to trick the British into believing their force numbered around 1,000 men, the two Americans secured the town and built an entrenchment in front of the forts gates. Opening fire on the fort, they compelled Hamilton to surrender the next day. Clarks victory was celebrated throughout the colonies and he was hailed as the conqueror of the Northwest. Capitalizing on Clarks success, Virginia immediately laid claim to the entire region dubbing it Illinois County, VA. Continued Fighting Understanding that the threat to Kentucky could only be eliminated by the capture of Fort Detroit, Clark lobbied for an attack on the post. His efforts failed when he was unable to raise enough men for the mission. Seeking to regain the ground lost to Clark, a mixed British-Native American force led by Captain Henry Bird raided south in June 1780. This was followed in August by a retaliatory raid north by Clark which struck Shawnee villages in Ohio. Promoted to brigadier general in 1781, Clark again attempted to mount an attack on Detroit, but reinforcements sent to him for the mission were defeated en route. Later Service In one of the final actions of the war, Kentucky militia was badly beaten at the Battle of Blue Licks in August 1782. As the senior military officer in the region, Clark was criticized for the defeat despite the fact he had not been present at the battle. Again retaliating, Clark attacked the Shawnee along the Great Miami River and won the Battle of Piqua. With the end of the war, Clark was appointed superintendent-surveyor and charged with surveying land grants given to Virginian veterans. He also worked to help negotiate the Treaties of Fort McIntosh (1785) and Finney (1786) with the tribes north of the Ohio River. Despite these diplomatic efforts, tensions between the settlers and Native Americans in the region continued to escalate leading to the Northwest Indian War. Tasked with leading an force of 1,200 men against the Native Americans in 1786, Clark had to abandon the effort due to a shortage of supplies and the mutiny of 300 men. In the wake of this failed effort, rumors circulated that Clark had been drinking heavily during the campaign. Incensed, he demanded that an official inquiry be made to repudiate these rumors. This request was declined by the Virginia government and he was instead rebuked for his actions. Final Years Departing Kentucky, Clark settled in Indiana near present-day Clarksville. Following his move, he was plagued by financial difficulties as he had financed many of his military campaigns with loans. Though he sought reimbursement from Virginia and the federal government, his claims were declined because insufficient records existed to substantiate his claims. For his wartime services Clark had been awarded large land grants, many of which he was ultimately forced to transfer to family and friends to prevent seizure by his creditors. With few remaining options, Clark offered his services to Edmond-Charles Genà ªt, the ambassador of revolutionary France, in February 1793. Appointed a major general by Genà ªt, he was ordered to form an expedition for drive the Spanish from the Mississippi Valley. After personally financing the expeditions supplies, Clark was forced to abandon the effort in 1794 when President George Washington forbade American citizens from violating the nations neutrality. Aware of Clarks plans, he threatened to dispatch US troops under Major General Anthony Wayne to block it. With little choice but to abandon the mission, Clark returned to Indiana where his creditors deprived him of all but a small plot of land. For remainder of his life, Clark spent much of his time operating a gristmill. Suffering a severe stroke in 1809, he fell into a fire and badly burned his leg necessitating its amputation. Unable to care for himself, he moved in with his brother-in-law, Major William Croghan, who was a planter near Louisville, KY. In 1812, Virginia finally recognized Clarks services during the war and granted him a pension and ceremonial sword. On February 13, 1818, Clark suffered another stroke and died. Initially buried at Locus Grove Cemetery, Clarks body and those of his family were moved to Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville in 1869.

Operation Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Operation Management - Assignment Example The location would provide greater benefits to the company as there is significant demand for printing related services. Correspondingly, the aspect of quality control and capacity planning have been emphasised as they would enable the printing organisation to ensure quality outcomes. Part 1: Introduction The growing demand of the printing industry has inspired in strategizing a business plan related to printing. The business is based in the city of Madinat Zayed in the UAE to meet the market demand and benefit from the business in the future years. Al Gharbia Printing Centre will be based on the concept of partnership, where the capital for the business will be provided by every member. The business will be headed by three partners; one of the partners will focus on the operational aspects and the others on the marketing. The intention for the business to set up was the profit making perspective and the demand. The printing service will be small in nature with nearly 30 employees in the initial years. The factors that influenced the business idea regarding the printing were the market trend and the growing demand in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The growing economy of the country, the future market growth prospects and the present market need of the business have influenced the choice of the business. The printing services as planned by the partners would offer cards, brochures, booklets, envelops, business forms and catalogues to meet the demand of the market and to attain its unique position. The easy availability of the raw material and the location of the business selected in the UAE would prove to be of advantage to the business. Moreover, the business can be beneficial as the printing service would provide assistance to the other industries by fulfilling their requirements of cards, catalogues and brochures (Palo Alto Software, 2013). Mission The missions of the Al Gharbia Printing Centre are as follows: To ensure satisfaction to the clients Creation o f more value through better services Promoting the cultural communication for the up gradation of the society Ensuring creativity and design in serving the public To influence the growth of the people working in the organisation Employing high standards Ensuring reliability, ethical practises and professionalism Ensuring timely delivery of services Goal of the Company The goal of the business is to develop relationship with clients. Working together with the client and gaining trust would facilitate in the delivering better services. Providing satisfaction to the customer is the primary goal of the business. Attainment of the long-term goals by providing quality services through Al Gharbia Printing Centre business will be the utmost objective. The business strategy for the success of the business is based on the mission, goals and objectives of the business. The business strategy to be used is to analyse the market and the target segments. The target market segment strategy is to be followed in which the focus of the company will be to satisfy the requirements of the small organizations. The reason for selecting this strategy is because the primarily aim to would to work at small level and gradually grow towards satisfying larger organisations’ demand. The business depends on the knowledge of the print vendor they rely upon. The main area of the marketing strategy would be face-to-face contact with the individuals. The pricing and the promotion

The Refector Educator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7250 words

The Refector Educator - Essay Example The work of a teacher, his/her own human shortcomings, the current state of our society, and the present culture of the school environment also provide powerful distractions to me in truly realizing the potential of my vocation as a teacher - barriers that seem to prevent me from truly living the vision of education that I profess. I am often asked: Why teach when you could do something more profitable Isn't teaching beneath your skill and intelligence I need to answer this question and focus more directly on articulating and implementing my vision in order to be in harmony with myself and my vocation. For, if the vision is superficial or hazy, the effectiveness of the teaching as well as the vocation as teacher is in serious jeopardy. Vision can be better understood, more focused, and more concrete if one concentrates on the component parts and their interaction. If we imagine the vision graphically the outer border of the "construct" indicates the parameters of the vision since every vision has some limit of expansion. Setting the boundaries is important because the clearer the boundaries, the clearer the vision. If they are obscure, the vision will be vague and diffuse. The model can encompass three primary internal components of vision: energy, ideals, and values. Each of these internal components is pointed toward the center, the form of the vision. At this point we encounter the intrusion of "current reality," the other primary, but external, element of the "vision". Thus, "current reality" confronts or collides with the three other primary components. This produces either internal "conflict" or 'choices", i.e. the external expression of the resolution of the confrontation in some decisive way. When the teac her operates out of choices, he/she moves toward "current reality" with "vision". If the teacher fails to make a decisive choice, the inner conflict that one experiences usually results in delusion. The various essential components of the educator's vision and my as well are explained below. Energy is the first component. It is the most basic part of the human personality and may be described as an inner drive, impulse, desire, or personal ambition. Energy denotes psychological force or power, and it is considered to be the most primitive of the human personality functions. Ideals connect the individual to a "higher order." These include the part of the human personality that dictates rules and regulations and establishes ethical and moral thinking. In psychoanalytic theory, this would be referred to as the "super ego" with its two component parts: "conscience" (that which presents taboos and punishes) and "ego ideal" (that which offers sanctions and rewards). For Parker Palmer for example, an ideal for the teacher should include "creating a space in which obedience to truth is practiced" (1998, p.12). Ideals can sometimes conflict with energy desires, particularly in the area of moral decision-making. Values present the next component. They define what I most cherish about life and what I most treasure in my vocation as a teacher. Values can be inherited from parents, religious sources, culture, or personal growth. Values frequently include portions of ideas listed under energy and ideals yet values tend to be an entity in themselves. Values can include both tangible and intangible objects which symbolize personal fulfillment and gratification for the

Telemedicine and Public Informatics

Telemedicine and Public Informatics Mathew Elespuru With the delivery of health care and the advent of computer based health care delivery systems, practitioners have seen a widening array of avenues to see and treat patients. The advent of telehealth and telenursing has given way to monitoring and treating patients in their own homes making seeing a physician more convenient than ever. In 2012, over 380,000 patients used some form of telehealth, and that number is expected to more than quadruple to 1.8 million patients as soon as 2017 (IMS Research, 2013). Telemedicine and Diabetes Compliance According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States with approximately 29 million people suffering from the disease (CDC, 2016). Although diabetes affects all ages, genders and races, it seems that more people of Hispanic and African American heritage suffer from the disease than Non-Hispanic Whites. The latest prevalence data (2007), shows that 10.4% of Hispanic Americans are diagnosed with diabetes, and those of African American heritage account for approximately 14% of those diagnosed compared with 6.6% of non-Hispanic whites (Trief, et al, 2013). Using The Informatics for Diabetes Education and Telemedicine (IDEATel) demonstration  project, researchers were looking at treatment regimen adherence between the three ethnic groups and if application of telemedicine could improve adherence to a diabetes treatment regimen. It has been previously published that the IDEATel project was successful in improving cholesterol levels, glycemic control and lowering blood pressure in respondents who used the project compared to usual physician office visits (Shea et al, 2006, 2009). This study used regular visits via telemedicine over a 5 year period. Visits were usually every 4-6 weeks and included review of glucose levels, diet and exercise programs and barriers to care. For those who were of Hispanic origin, bi-lingual providers were used so that no language barrier existed during the diabetes education tele visits (Trief, et al, 2013). Researchers found that during the 5 year study, the adherence to the treatment regimen was the same between that usual treatment group and the group receiving the telemedicine visits, those in the telemedicine group did show more time doing diabetic self-care than those in the usual treatment group. This study also showed that when patients with diabetes, regardless of race, adhere to their treatment regimen, better glycemic control is achieved. Using telemedicine interventions with patients diagnosed with diabetes in an excellent option. Some patients with diabetes either type I or Type II may not have access to transportation to keep scheduled appointments at their physicians office. In using telemedicine to check on patients, practitioners can better follow patients and follow the patients adherence to their specific treatment regimen, thereby improving glycemic control, and reducing symptoms and problems caused by diabetes. Public Health Informatics The term public health informatics (PHI) came about due to the work of Dr. John Snow. In 1854, Dr. Snow tracked cholera related deaths to a single water pump in London. The removal of that pump ended the outbreak. This was the first recorded community policing by a health care practitioner. In investigating the infected population as a whole, Dr. Snow was able to track the source of the cholera virus (Vachon, 2005). Florence Nightingale was also instrumental in public health informatics. The data she collected about hygiene and the mortality related to such, changed the face of medical data gathering which still exists today (Dossey, 2000). PHI incorporates skills and knowledge from many different areas including: statistics, microbiology, toxicology, epidemiology, management, and psychology (OCarroll, Yasnoff, Ward, Ripp, Martin, 2003, p.5). One of the most important tools for a public health nurse or organization is a surveillance data system such as an infectious disease tracker (McGonigle Mastrian, 2015). This tool is an incredible resource for tracking adverse health events and allows for the planning and implementations of interventions designed to combat adverse outcomes caused by a disease or other catastrophic instance. In examining the information gathered about a possible influenza epidemic, the PHI nurse and others would look at past data to extrapolate data for the new season and how many people may be affected by the influenza outbreak and what information they have on strains of vaccine that have worked in the past. Other data that would need to be collected in this case would be information about the community at large such as high risk groups (children and elderly), those parts of the community with little or no access to healthcare and those populations that can afford to, and usually get a vaccine without any advance direction to do so. In testing the efficacy of the campaign and the effect of the vaccination, researchers and others would have to examine all information on the amount of people vaccinated and the number of those people who actually contracted influenza. In analyzing this information, the public health department and those within that organization will have a better idea of what to expect in the years to come when dealing with influenza and ensuring those at high risk for contracting influenza get vaccinated before the season begins. Electronic Health Record Since more and more organizations are changing to an electronic health record (EHR), there have been questions raised as to the privacy of the EHR and who ultimately owns the EHR. Protecting a patients privacy it of the utmost importance when initiating an EHR. In doing so, organizations must be able to keep this record private and keep the patients protected health information (PHI) private and secure. The ability to maintain security and privacy must work hand in hand with an organizations ability to have a continuity of care for patients. This continuity of care comes for the interoperability of a patients record. In sharing certain amounts of patient information such as demographics, allergies, past medical history, and medications organizations can save time and money in allowing this information to be shared with others who are an integral part of the patient care team (McGonigle Mastrian, 2015). In sharing a patients EHR within an organization or outside an organization if it relates to the continued care of that patient, the practitioner must ensure that all PHI remains protected as the misuse of this information could prove catastrophic to both the patient and the practitioner. If the information contained within a chart were to be leaked to the wrong individual, that person could use said information negatively and hurt the patient. Organizations both sending and receiving patient information must undertake the proper steps to ensure that only authorized individuals have access to the information and that the information remain secure when transmitted either physically or electronically. Having a shared EHR and interoperability is important to a patients continued medical care. It needs to be handled with the respect it is due to allow for a seamless transition between practitioners and the peace of mind for the patient knowing that the information is secure. References Diabetes. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/diabetes.htm. Dossey, B. M. (2000). Florence Nightingale: Mystic, visionary, healer. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse. IMS Research. (2013). Telehealth to reach 1.8 million patients by 2017. http://www.imsresearch.com/press-release/Telehealth_to_Reach_18_Million_Patients_by_2017. McGonigle, D. Mastrian, K. (2015). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. Shea, S., et al., (2006). A randomized trial comparing telemedicine case management with usual care in older, ethnically diverse, medically underserved patients with diabetes mellitus. Journal of American Medical Informatics Association, 13:4051. Shea, S., et al., (2009). A randomized trial comparing telemedicine case management with usual care in older, ethnically diverse, medically underserved patients with diabetes mellitus: 5 year Ethnicity Health 95 results of the IDEATel study. Journal of American Medical Informatics Association, 16, 446456. Trief, P. M., Izquierdo, R., Eimicke, J. P., Teresi, J. A., Goland, R., Palmas, W., Weinstock, R. S. (2013). Adherence to diabetes self care for white, African-American and Hispanic American telemedicine participants: 5 year results from the IDEATel project. Ethnicity Health, 18(1), 83-96. doi:10.1080/13557858.2012.700915. Vachon, D. (2005). Doctor John Snow blames water pollution for cholera epidemic. Old News, 16(8), 8-10. Retrieved from: http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/fatherofepidemiology.html. OCarroll, P. W., Yasnoff, W. A., Ward, M. E., Ripp, L. H., Martin, E. L. (Eds.). (2003). Public health informatics and information systems. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.

Mobile Food Ordering App

INOORERO UNIVERSITY PROJECT REPORT ON: MOBILE FOOD ORDERING APPLICATION NAME: BORU PHILIP JOSHUA ADMN NO: IU/11/05211 UNIT TITLE: PROJECT PLANNING A Project submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Regulations Governing The Award of a Diploma in Information communication and Technology ? Table of ContentsDECLARATION4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT5 DEDICATION6 ABSTRACT7 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION8 Background8 Problem Statement9 Project’s Objective9 Mission9 Vision10 Justification10 Project Scope10 Gantt chart10 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW11 Introduction11 Mobile and Handheld Device11 Review of Food Ordering System12 i. Manual Food Ordering System12 ii. Mobile Food Ordering System12 Benefits of Mobile Food Ordering System13 Limitation of Mobile Food Ordering System13 Feasibility Study14 Operational Feasibility14 Economic Feasibility14Technical Feasibility14 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLGY15 Introduction15 Data collection methods15 I. Questionnaires15 II. Interviews15 III. Observation15 D ata analysis15 CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM ANALYSIS TOOLS17 Flow chart of Mobile Food Ordering Application17 Context diagram of Mobile Food Ordering Application18 Data flow Diagrams19 Level 1 DFD19 Entity Relationship Diagram20 CHAPTER FIVE: SYSTEM DESIGN21 INTRODUCTION21 Splash form21 Customer details21 Menu21 Bill21 Option form122 Option form222 Report22 Error / Confirmation Message22CONCLUSION23 Recommendation and Suggestion for Future Research23 REFERENCES24 ? DECLARATION This research project is my original work and has not been presented for assessment by any other person in any institution. Student Name: BORU PHILIP JOSHUA Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Approved†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Supervisor Name: Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Approved†¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ? ACKNOWLEDGEMENTFirstly, I praise GOD for guiding and blessing me with perseverance and strength to complete the project. Apart from the efforts of me, the success of the project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project. The special thank goes to my helpful supervisor Pius Walela. I can’t say thank you enough for his tremendous support and help. Without his encouragement and guidance this project would not have materialized.My grateful thanks also go to my parents and siblings, who held faith in me and pushed me to succeed. A big contribution and support from you is very great indeed. Special thanks also go to my friends those who supported and motivated me during the project completion was v ital for the success of the project. May GOD bless you all. ? DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my mum, siblings, classmates, my lecturers and myself for the love and moral support without which it would not have been possible to complete the project. ? ABSTRACTMobile devices and wireless technologies are making a large impact on our lives. Companies that develop mobile applications are continuously evolving their products, aiming at satisfying the customers’ needs even more comprehensively and at higher levels of quality. The Mobile Food Ordering Application proposed in this paper is one of the tools that intend to provide a food ordering application on mobile devices for ordering food from a restaurant with the option of both delivery and pickup within the central business district of Nairobi.With the rapid growth of mobile technology, nowadays people are looking forward for an application that makes life easier and faster. While in restaurants industries, most businesses people look for any mobile application that improve their business functions for the customers as well as increased the profit. Normally in manual system, human error, waiting time, wasting foods, wrong menu preparation, ordering management and menu selection are the main issues in any restaurants.This paper presents the integration of mobile technology for small medium restaurants mobile food ordering application. This application offers many useful features to customers, including the detailed menus, and previous order lookup. By using this application, the users do not have to wait in a queue at the restaurants. This study also presents the background in terms of new technologies in handheld devices, and current research in human-computer interaction for mobile applications.It also surveys several applications of handheld devices and discusses their characteristics. This thesis also explains the main functions, key usability aspects, intended users of Mobile Food Ordering Applica tion. ? CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Technology is making a large impact on the human life. It feels so strange when we hear that it is only 25 years since the first commercial cellular call was made in the United States, and today there are more than 17 million wireless subscribers in Kenya alone.With the increasing number of cellular subscribers, cellular technology is also becoming more advanced. With increasing popularity and capability of mobile devices, new applications are being launched every day. Today, many things that can be done using computers can also be done with mobile devices. But simply copying computer applications to mobile devices does not work, as user characteristics of computers and mobiles are quite different. Even hough mobility and compactness are major advantages for mobile applications, the small screen, and the small and few buttons of mobile devices are among limitations that make it necessary for mobile application developers to study human computer inte raction for mobile devices and develop their applications accordingly. Mobile shopping or ordering is one of the most popular areas now-a-days. One can buy songs or any applications right from one’s mobile. One can also bid or buy items from the internet straight away using one’s mobile. Similarly, food ordering is also one of the major areas of mobile application development.Some companies have already launched their food ordering products in the market. But these applications haven’t fully exploited the current capabilities of mobiles and missed on some of the required features which would benefit the end users. Thus, I have decided to design and develop a mobile application, Mobile Food Ordering Application, using human-computer interaction principles for mobile devices. As they say, time is money! This application will greatly benefit customers as they don’t have to waste time going to the store and waiting in the queue.They will able to place food or ders using their mobile device from anywhere. By using the proposed application, users can have updated menus on their mobile devices and they do not need to go for the inconvenient ways of listening to the options on phone, or finding a newspaper flyer. Background Before developing a mobile application, a thorough research needs to be done on which mobile device(s) one wants to target. As there are so many different mobile devices currently available in the market, each device may differ in screen size, operating system, and/or supported programming language.So studying the currently available handheld devices and their technologies is a must for a developer for figuring out his or her target audience and selecting the appropriate development tool(s). The modern mobile phone market offers different devices for a wide variety of customer tastes and lifestyles. Some phones are small and sleek, and are popular for their ease of carrying, while some are chosen for their appearance so t hey can become a form of fashion symbols. Mobile manufactures are still developing new devices to attract different age groups and cultural groups.These devices will not only look different but also possess capabilities to attract specific groups of people, for example, phone manufactures are trying to portray their phone as a game console to attract the youngsters. They attract business users by providing productivity tools such as Word, Excel, E mail, Organizer and they also include a virtual pop-up QWERTY keyboard for easy typing. They also attract general mobile users with their still camera, video camera, music player, radio, voice recording, games and internet browsing features.Hence, considering the promising future of the mobile phone market, it is beneficial to write applications for this devices that target large groups of people. Research has shown that simply transferring a regular computer application into a mobile application almost always leads to a suboptimal mobile experience. Hence before starting the development of applications for handheld devices, a developer should consider the mobile device user’s characteristics as well as the limitations of mobile interfaces. Problem StatementThe rapid growths of mobile computing in the business area make customers intend to demand for applications that able to reduce their waiting time for the waiters or waitresses to take an order. Using manual system, it was less economical because it involved the cost of preparing note pads, blank papers, and custom made papers including menu and pens which were used for taking order and may cause error by the waiters or waitresses. Furthermore taking order manually by the waiters or waitresses also will increase human errors where there are possibilities of typing errors by the waiters or waitresses.They also have hard time to remember each price of menu when calculating customer’s food, cook misread to the handwritten orders written by waiters or wa itresses and missed communication between waiters and customers when customers repeat order if they do not get the foods but waiters assume that customers added the foods in the order. When customers intend to select the menu before make an order, they have to refer to the many menu list options which sometimes do not attract them, fulfill their choice and make them difficult to choose.So this application will reduced the selection options from the list on the menu by categorizing it to standard list and special list by packaging the menu into certain types. This option will provide an easier selection and give such a pleasure to the customers in enjoying their meals. Furthermore, the manager also has to request and track the order record and order report from administrator at a certain time but sometimes mistakes always happened where the ordering record hard to track due to the missing of the ordering cart or misplaced the printed record but using computerized system they can acce ss it anytime they want.Project’s Objective The main objective of this study is to propose a Mobile Food Ordering Application for small medium and micro enterprises (SMME) restaurants. This objective is supported by the following sub objectives: †¢To design the navigation model for easier mobile food ordering Application with a minimum errors in the small medium and micro enterprises (SMME) restaurants. †¢To develop an application which demonstrate the navigation of the mobile food ordering application in a small medium and micro enterprises (SMME) restaurants. To produce an effective accessed to schedule reports for administration staffs. Mission To eradicate order placement related time wastage in restaurants and offer improved service to the customers Vision To be a leading food ordering service within the CBD of Nairobi with the provision of Quality service and secure orders Justification The project will benefit target group living in and adjacent areas of Nair obi Central business District.Faster delivery of service as you pre-order your food so you can grab your food as soon as you set your foot in the restaurant, be it take away or, thus reducing the risks of time wastage and queuing. Project Scope This project will be focusing on developing and implementing mobile food ordering app for the small and medium restaurants which will be developed using J2ME programming language connected to MySql database server. The cashier will be responsible to view the confirmed order and prepare a bill and receipt. The kitchen Staff will be responsible to view the order for menu preparation.The administrator will be responsible to monitor overall application, add, update or delete the user, menu, order, and report for the system. Gantt chart TIME IN WEEKS ACTIVITY123456789101112 Introduction of the project Problem Statement Objectives & Justification Scope Gantt Chart Literature review Feasibility study Research Methodology Data diagrams(Analysis tools ) Design Conclusion ? CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction This chapter presents an overview of the previous works on the related topic for providing the background of this study.The discussion starts with the review of mobile and handheld device and history of mobile food ordering application for the restaurants. Discussion on the operation of manual food ordering system is continuing with the architecture of the application through wireless mobile and the limitations of system. Discussion also covers the advantages and disadvantages of mobile ordering application. Mobile and Handheld Device According to Lee, Sceinder & Schell (2004) Mobile is defined as: â€Å"The capability of being able to move or moved easily.Whereas in context of mobile computing, mobile pertains to people’s use of portable and functionally powerful mobile devices that offer the ability to perform a set of application functions untethered, while also being able to connect to, obtain data from, a nd provide data to users, applications and system. † Whereas Ballard (Ballard, 2007) outlined that mobile is a device or service used by a user who has the potential to move to a new location, even a new building or city, during use which includes both automobile and phones.Hudson told HumanIPO: â€Å"although takeaway is popular in Nairobi, the restaurant delivery space is incredibly underdeveloped. Given the city’s general chaos and traffic problems, this is surprising. We aim to connect the dots, allowing busy, hungry people to eat in the comfort of their homes, hassle-free and also while the firms are doing a great work, nobody offers a delivery option that takes full advantage of the internet’s capabilities. The current options put a great deal of responsibility on the customer, requiring the use of email or phone to place orders, and sometimes only offering cash on delivery. Originally, the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) was intended to be an earlier ele ctronic version of a handheld â€Å"personal organizer†; however, with the introduction of more powerful central processing units, operating systems and memory, today's the most popular personal organizer is smart phone which are being customized for great variety of applications for the users (Dejin et al. 2006). According to Kulkarni (Kulkarni, 2009) outlined that Smart phones attract both business and general users by providing productivity tools such as Word, Excel, E-mail, Organizer and include a virtual pop-up QWERTY keyboard for easy typing.They also attract general mobile users with still camera, video camera, music player, radio, voice recording, games and internet browsing features. The discussion also expanded with the characteristics of mobile user as outlined by Ballard (Ballard, 2007) as follow: †¢Mobile users are mobile, as they users are not sitting attentively at a desk, like desktop or laptop users do. †¢Mobile users are interruptible and easily di stracted. Mobile users use mobile devices while they are mobile hence they easily can get distracted by the physical world.Sometimes mobile applications can be self distracted by the mobile device itself (e. g. phone) for instance when receiving a call or message. †¢Mobile users are always available. Unlike the desktop or laptop computer, the mobile phone is always with the user and always ON (sometimes users can set it on silent mode, but still most of the time the user has it ready to ring loudly). †¢Mobile phones are identifiable. Unlike the desktop computer, the mobile phone is a personal device, with unique identification features. As discussed by Wendeson (Wendeson et al. 010), the advantages of Windows mobile applications are as follows: †¢ Powered devices contain mobile versions of consistent. †¢ Easy to use †¢ To demonstrate the capabilities of the particular platforms. †¢ Everyday tools such as Microsoft Office Outlook, Office Word, Office Exc el, and Office power point are supported †¢ Currently this platform is familiar. †¢ If application is written once, . NET framework has the potential to generate different languages. Review of Food Ordering System Basically food ordering system in the restaurants industry can be classified into several types: i.Manual Food Ordering System Zhangyuang and Weibing (2010) outlined that the traditional restaurant service mode relies on a lot of manpower to handle customer reservation, inquiry, ordering food, placing order, reminding dishes, and chefs are usually not clear because of the writing and the attendant distress. It is supported by Yong (Yong et al. 2010) where Manual Food Ordering System uses waiter to take order from customers. During peak hour, customers may be too many to be served by waiters. The quality of the service may drop thus causing dissatisfactory of customers.However, if there are too many waiters are hired, it may be a waste of resources during non-peak hour. ii. Mobile Food Ordering System As discussed by Zhou (Zhou, 2010), utilizing information technology to upgrade the service quality and management efficiency has always been received great concern in information development of catering industry. This is supported by Khairunnisa (Khairunnisa et al. 2009) where a number of personal digital assistant based mobile applications have been designed, implemented and developed for commercial use in a restaurant environment.So the mobile food ordering system is the best mobile application that can help catering enterprises reduce the costs of human resources, improve work efficiency and leap forward from the external image to the internal service quality. Hence for mobile food ordering system, according to Sun (Sun et al. 2009) the information technology developing constantly gives an impulse to industrial expansion such as in the restaurants, the method of electronic ordering dish is adopted widely. Using the high technology method can improve the profit of economy and achieve an efficient management technique.Besides that, smart phone and other handheld devices are being preferred as device for business applications because they are highly portable, have the ability to communicate with personal computers accessed information from remote locations. Additionally, food ordering system using latest handheld devices is the latest trend in helping customers to order their foods, beverages, dessert and etc. (Patel et al. 2007). Furthermore by using handheld technology it is able to increase the speed of restaurant services dramatically (Lim et al. 009). This supported by Mahmoud (Mahmoud et al. 2009) where an integrated mobile ordering system is expected to enable faster and more efficient order processing, efficient and easy orders editing and reviewing with the customer, minimizing human and billing errors, reduction in the number of staff required and easier communication between the users of the system. Such system s increase the number of customers that are satisfied with the service. Benefits of Mobile Food Ordering SystemKulkarni (2010) addressed that the major benefit of mobile food ordering system are mobility and compactness to the users itself. With the development of this system, the enterprise will not only save labor costs, more the management will be towards information, intelligence and it will bring long-term economic benefits as highlighted by Yu and Zhu (Yu & Zhu, 2010). In the other hand, Sun and Zhou (Sun & Zhou, 2009) also agreed that using the high tech method in the ordering system can improve the profit of economy and achieve efficient management technique.As discussed by Stanford (Stanford, 2003), the current ordering system can be categorized into four groups of users; customers, owner, staffs and architect. With the development of the system, it benefits the customers in providing the faster services, reduces the errors and offered a calm technology. While for the owner , the system can reduce the management cost and provide a better inventory management. Process of taking order, sending order to the kitchen, serving the foods, preparing a bill and managing the order changed made by the customers easier with the system.The system is also able to reduce the problems amongst the staffs in attending the customers and can contribute the income to the restaurants by attracting the customers to visit the restaurants with their services. It will be a challenge for the developer to develop the system successfully. Hence the system also is working in a pervasive computing. It will update the status of menu items if the ingredients running out for the menu ordered by the customers. Limitation of Mobile Food Ordering SystemThe limitations in implementation of the system to be considered as the following: †¢Wireless Network: even if we have seen great advancements in wireless networks and technologies. Still there is a limited bandwidth problem. †¢Is sues with mobile phones: there are thousands of different brands mobile phones with different capabilities and constraints, like hardware constraints are, such as memory, screen size, processing power, battery consumption, resolution and display color. †¢Content creations: as we know the term mobile phones refers to any portable device including smart phones, PDAs, mobile phones, tablet PCs, and laptop.Technically, creating materials which can be rendered in all of these devices is a big challenge. (Niazi, 2007). To address this problems, extended-life battery cradle that supporting a full shift with intensive backlighting, networking and a strong tether to secure the PDA or cell phone (Stanford, 2003). According to Kulkarni (Kulkarni, 2010) the small screen, and the small and few buttons of mobile devices are among limitations that make it necessary for mobile application developers to study human computer interaction for mobile application.In conclusion, this chapter provided the background information about the mobile and handheld devices, manual system for food ordering, mobile food ordering system, the limitation of the manual system and the benefits of the mobile food ordering system. Feasibility Study Feasibility studies aim to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of an existing or a proposed system, opportunities and threats as presented by the environment, the resources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success.It is usually carried out by a small number of people who are familiar with the information system techniques, understand the part of the business or organization that will be involved or effected by the project and are skilled in the system analysis and design process. It is intended to be a preliminary review of the facts to see if it is worthy of proceeding to the analysis phase. From the systems analyst perspective, the feasibility analysis is the primary tool for recommending whethe r to proceed to the next phase or to discontinue the project.Operational Feasibility Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and takes advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development. This is dependent on available human resources for the project. It reviews the willingness of the organization to support the proposed system. The proposed system will first and foremost solve the problem of speed at which the current manual system is upon.A bigger variety of Transactions will be performed in real time using live data and at the same time providing high levels of security. Economic Feasibility This is a cost/benefit analysis. It is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a new system. The procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compa re it with the costs. If a benefit outweighs cost, then the decision is made to design and implement the system. Otherwise further alterations are made in the proposed system.Technical Feasibility A large part of determining resources has to do with assessing technical feasibility. The system will require input from the users. This data will be used in analysis and the analyst must find out whether current technical resources can be upgraded or added to in a manner that fulfills the request under consideration. ? CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLGY Introduction This chapter will explain the methodology that was used in this project to develop Mobile Food Ordering application. Data collection methodsThese are tools that were used in the analysis, design, development and implementation of the system. I. Questionnaires These are facts gathered about the activities taking place in the restaurant. This type of investigation is done by use of well organized and simple questions which needs short answers. Some of the questions asked include; a. How many customers do you handle at once during peak hours of business? b. Have you ever placed a wrong order? Why? c. What are the Drawbacks of this manual system in your own opinion? d. Would you like if the ordering system is automated? II.Interviews It’s a conversation in which the researcher tries to get information from the interviewer. The method assumes that the respondents to be interviewed have the information required; they understand questions, which are put to them and will be able to give answers face-to-face. III. Observation This involved observing the old system at work. The way staffs attended to the customers by taking order, sending order to the kitchen, serving the menu, handle the changed order by the customers, waiting time for the orders and handle payment from the customer was observed and evaluated.The following was observed of the manual system: †¢Serving a customer could take up to about 20-30 minutes. †¢The waiter had to go from where the customers are placed to the kitchen to place orders, hence overcrowding at times. †¢During peak hours of business the waiters are overloaded with orders leading to placement of wrong orders. †¢During off peak the restaurant has many idle waiters. Data analysis This stage discussed the requirements analysis for the data collection as the user’s requirements. The purpose of the requirements analysis is to identify what are the user’s needs for mobile food ordering application.From the managers and staffs view, they found that when many customers came at one time their quality of services quite reduced and they also admitted that when they faced with this situation, it made them feel unsatisfied with their services when there are a lot of complaints from the customers. ? CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM ANALYSIS TOOLS Flow chart of Mobile Food Ordering Application No yesyes yes No Context diagram of Mobile Food Order ing Application ororderrequest orderDelivery/ Bill Processed OrderData flow Diagrams Level 1 DFD order Details Entity Relationship Diagram ? CHAPTER FIVE: SYSTEM DESIGN INTRODUCTION This chapter discusses the details of the Mobile Food Ordering Application. The discussion contains the platform for the application and the description of the modules in application. Splash form This form is shown when the customers open’s the application. The customer press’ next/enter to continue. WELCOME TO APEX BISTRO PRESS NEXT TO CONTINUE NEXT CLOSE Customer detailsIn this page customer will enter his/her details in the Enter your Details First name——- Last name ——– Cell no. ——— Address——– Menu This page contains the menu that is available in the restaurants. The customer selects the menu, places an order and Submits. MENU Chips70 Sausages25 Samosa30 Buns20 Cake Black forest100 Press Submit to continue Bill This page contains the information about the order placed by a customer, it contains the bill report. Bill Report Your Bill is Kshs. 560 PRESS SUBMIT TO CONTINUE Option form1This form contains the option that asks the user, the preference of delivery or dine-in. Option form1 Do you prefer:-(check the radio button) oDelivery oDine-in oTake away NEXT BACK Option form2 This form contains the option that asks the user, the payment mode of choice. Option form2 Do you prefer to pay by:-(check the radio button) oCash-on delivery oM-pesa (pay bill number 11888) NEXT BACK Report This form displays the order placed, total bill and choice of opotion1 and option2 and the time the order will be ready. ReportYOU ORDERED:- CHIPS Samosa Soda. Your bill is:- Kshs. 130/= You order will be ready for take away in 30mins Cash on delivery Error / Confirmation Message The Application provides error message and confirmation message so that it can guide the users to enter all the mandatory information and a lert them. ? CONCLUSION The mobile ordering application has emerged increasingly and expected brought a big change in a businesses as well as other fields because users rely on it too much. Mobile applications also will be demanded by the users for its convenience and ease of functioning.It also will improve the employee’s works performance as well as user’s satisfaction. The main contributions of this study include; †¢ Exploration of current technologies for designing and developing software applications for mobile devices (Java 2 Micro Edition, MYSQL database and Php). †¢ Mobile Food Ordering Application also addressed major problems in ordering process and restaurants management by reducing the customer’s time and the management’s time for food ordering process, reduce the cost of food preparation, reduce wasted foods, reduce cost for the pen and papers. Customers can give special order on the menu with preferred ingredients. †¢ Helps th e customers and management so that customers can have their pleasure for making order and management can improve their management . Recommendation and Suggestion for Future Research Based on the achievement of this study, the future research that may conduct for Mobile Food Ordering Application are: †¢ To enable Mobile Food Ordering Application to interact with the mobile customers by replying the feedback for the customer’s requests such as confirm the customer’s order by sending a message to the mobile. To allow customer registration to Mobile Food Ordering Application and application can save customer’s details for future order. †¢ To enable Mobile Food Ordering Application to function in a real mobile environment with the interaction between the App and users. †¢ To enable Mobile Food Ordering Application to display a feedback for the running out ingredients when customers make an order. ? REFERENCES A food delivery app wants to ease Nairobiâ €™s traffic(2012) Retrieved 12 July 2012 from http://www. humanipo. com Barbara, B. (2007). Designing the mobile user experience.England:John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Chien, N. 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